Icd 10 of gestr1/17/2023 Smoking at baseline was significantly associated with a higher level of depression severity (β = 0.142, 95% CI: 0.051 to 0.233, p = 0.002), whereas drinking was significantly associated with a decreased level of depression (β = -0.069, 95% CI: -0.119 to -0.021, p = 0.005). A mixed-effects linear regression model for the total sampleĪnd additional stratified models for men and women were used. Depressive symptoms were assessed via two screening scales for depression (CES-D and GDS-15) which were harmonized for pooled analysis. Analyses were performed on a pooled data set (n = 3,724) from two German old-age cohort studies (LEILA 75+, 6 follow-ups and AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe, 9 follow-ups). This study aimed to examine the association of alcohol and tobacco use with severity of depression in older age. Use of professional home care services may contribute to maintaining autonomy and independence in old age. Gender differences were not identified regarding outpatient nursing care. For example, meals on wheels' services are of great importance (e.g., for individuals living alone or for individuals with low social support). Our study showed that gender differences exist in using paid household assistance and in culinary dependency. Further, the use of home care was mainly associated with health-related variables (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease) and walking impairments. No statistically significant differences in using outpatient nursing care between women and men were found (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: p = 0.225). Regression analysis revealed that women had higher odds of using paid household assistance than men (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: p < 0.001), whereas they had lower odds of using meals on wheels' services (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: p < 0.05). Logistic regression models were used, adjusting for important sociodemographic variables.Īltogether 5.2% of older individuals used outpatient nursing care (6.2% women and 3.2% men p < 0.001), 24.2% used paid household assistance (26.1% women and 20.5% men p < 0.001) and 4.4% used meals on wheels' services (4.5% women and 4.0% men p = 0.49). Professional homecare outcome variables were use of outpatient nursing care, paid household assistance, and meals on wheels' services. Mean age was 80.2 years (SD: 4.1 years), 66.6% were female. Data were available for 5,393 older individuals (75 years and older). We used harmonized data from three large cohort studies from Germany (“Healthy Aging: Gender-specific trajectories into the latest life” Platform). The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of and the gender differences in the use of professional home care in Germany.
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